This compilation, curated by the esteemed Filipino scholar Dr. F. Landa Jocano, presents a selection of Philippine myths and magical tales, categorized broadly and connected with minimal editorial input. Sourced from both published works and Dr. Jocano’s field research, particularly in Panay’s remote areas, the collection, while not exhaustive, impressively showcases the diversity of Philippine lore about deities, supernatural beings, and legendary heroes. The assortment occasionally leads to confusion, especially when identical names are ascribed to different gods or when there are multiple versions of a tale.

Dr. Jocano points out parallels between these indigenous narratives and elements found in major global religions. Notably, he highlights the early Tagalogs’ belief in soul transmigration, a concept also central to Indian traditions. Further, he draws comparisons with biblical stories, such as the flood narrative and the creation of humans from clay, which resonate with Igorot and Bagobo creation myths. Moreover, the roles of the Bisayan deity Magyan and the Manobo spirit Manduyapit, guiding souls to the afterlife, echo the Greek mythological figure Charon.

Some tales may reflect historical socio-economic conditions, like a Sambal legend discussing high-interest loans, hinting at early monetary economy impacts. Others, like the Panay epic Hinilawod, portray cultural values and social norms through the adventurous and polygamous pursuits of its characters, perhaps offering insights into past and present marital customs.

The collection prompts contemplation on the origins of these stories, questioning which aspects predate Spanish colonization and which might be influenced by post-European contact, such as the introduction of tobacco in a Bisayan tale or the amalgamation of pre-Hispanic and Spanish elements in the Ilocano legend of “Lam-ang.”

While some stories have been explored academically, many await further research and compilation, as exemplified by Dr. Jocano’s efforts. The aspiration for a comprehensive encyclopedia of Philippine mythology, akin to those for Greek or Norse folklore, remains. Until then, this book serves as an accessible introduction to the rich mythological heritage of the Philippine people.

Jocano, F. Landa (1969). Outline of Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.